SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) merupakan susunan langkah pembuatan sistem informasi, yang diharapkan akan menghasilkan sistem yang diinginkan oleh user. Sistem Informasi adalah suatu sinergi antara data, mesin pengolah data (yang biasanya meliputi komputer, program aplikasi dan jaringan) dan manusia untuk menghasilkan informasi. Jadi sistem informasi bukan hanya aplikasi perangkat lunak. Sistem Informasi ada pada hampir setiap perusahaan atau instansi untuk mendukung kegiatan bisnis mereka sehari-hari. Biasanya porsi pengerjaan pengembangan sistem informasi diserahkan kepada orang-orang yang bekerja di bidang Teknologi Informasi.
SDLC biasanya digunakan untuk proses pengembangan sistem. SDLC terdiri atas beberapa tahapan dimana setiap tahapan tersebut saling berkaitan dan dilakukan review yang terus menerus atas semua tahapan yang ada tersebut dilaksanakan secara berurutan.
Tahapan-tahapan dalam SDLC bisa berbeda dari sebuah pendekatan yang digunakan. Akan tetapi hampir semua metoda SDLC yang digunakan akan mengikuti tahapan-tahapan sebagai berikut:
1. Planing
2. Analisys
3. Design
4. Implementation
5. Maintenance


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Dibawah ini adalah salah satu SDLC penjualan dari suatu perusahaan bernama PT. Mi**o* Mu**i*a. Akan di jelaskan sedikit tentang penerapan sdlc pada perusahaan tersebut.

1.Planing
Pada tahap pertama yaitu identifikasi atas sistem berjalan, seleksi atas teknologi yang ada dan perencanaan dapat disebut sebagai proses perencanaan sistem.Tujuan system planning adalah mengkaitkan suatu proyek sistem atau aplikasi dengan tujuan strategik perusahaan agar tercipta suatu goal congruence.

2.Analisys
Merupakan proses pengumpulan kebutuhan piranti lunak. Untuk memahami dasar dari program yang akan dibuat, seorang analisis harus mengetahui ruang lingkup informasi, fungsi-fungsi yang dibutuhkan, kemampuan kinerja yang ingin dihasilkan dan perancangan antarmuka pemakai piranti lunak tersebut.
Tahap ini melibatkan dua proses yaitu:
a.Survey
Survei atas sistem yang ada pada dasarnya merupakan aktivitas perolehan fakta yang terdiri dari sumber data, pengguna, penyimpanan data, proses, aliran data, pengendalian, volume transaksi, tingkat kesalahan, biaya sumber daya dan kegiatan operasional yang mengalami bottleneck maupun tersumbat.
Teknik untuk memperoleh fakta tersebut antara lain observasi, partisipasi tugas, interview personel maupun mereview dokumen-dokumen kunci.
b.Analisa kebutuhan pengguna.
Dokumen yang dihasilkan pada proses ini adalah system analysis report yang berisi temuan survei, masalah pada sistem yang ada, kebutuhan pengguna dan sistem baru yang diinginkan.

3.Design
Perancangan piranti lunak merupakan proses bertahap yang memfokuskan pada empat bagian penting, yaitu: Struktur data, arsitektur piranti lunak, detil prosedur, dan karakteristik antar muka pemakai.

4.Implementation
Menerapkan bahasa pemrograman yang akan dipakai, database, serta spesifikasi perlatan komputer yang digunakan dengan menggunakan :
> pc berbasis intel core 2 duo dengan RAM 2GB
> Sistem Client - Server Application .
>Dibangun menggunakan Visual C#.Net.
> Database SQL Server 2000.
> Menggunakan Platform Microsoft Windows 2000/2003 server.

5. Maintenance
Proses ini dilakukan setelah piranti lunak telah digunakan oleh pemakai atau konsumen. Perubahan akan dilakukan jika terdapat kesalahan, oleh karena itu piranti lunak harus disesuaikan lagi untuk menampung perubahan kebutuhan yang diinginkan konsumen.

dear mr.Hanh

thank you for you letter of november 1st. We fully appreciate your concern. And would like to assure you that we shall endeavour to settle our account with you in immediate future. We wish to propose the following:

An immediate part payment to imported machinery delayed by cheque post-dated to dated to augst 20th.
We would like six month's extension of credit , on which we will pay interest.


As you know, there have been problems with you payment by instalments within 6 months,plus interest. We are already experiencing some problems. Some time ago a fire has occurred in our company, so there are few constraints in production then we had to postpone it. Many of the losses we suffered due to these problems. In view of all these prospect are confident that we shall be able to clear any outstanding debts.

thank you for your assistence and patience, also for the excellent service your company has given us in the past.

your sincerely

sumber : Business comunication, page 41

Dear Michelle

I a was very delighted to here about your who has just become a Member of Parliament.
I know how hard you have work,and you certainly deserve it.

Sorry i can not congratulate you directly because it is a great pity i'm going to the states for two weeks but i'll ring you when i get back meanwhile,
i wish you every succses.

your sincerely,

date :28th Augst
from :LK(R & D)
file :c 27
subject:Albani-Milan

Whilst on holiday in zurich last month,I met mr & mrs Abate by chance. They were also guests at the Royal. Mr Abate is catering manager of springs hotel (some time a go merged with albani). Not knowing who i was, the possibility of Albani now being taken over was mentioned. No names were quoted but indicated he knew who it was.



action : check: 1.are albani looking for an opening in the market?
2.what inside information does AKM have?


sumber:business communication, page 6

company's history : Started five years ago
Registered as a private company.
Present situation : Payment terms exceeded
supliers currently report : -

B.Company B has been supplier for 5 years and has supplied good on a sixty day's credit to limit of 10.000 pound.They report that the hotel is experimenting temporary eashflow problems.


C.Company c has been a supplier for 2 years and supplied goods on 90 days,credit to limit of 3000 pound, however recently the hotel exceeded these terms and supplier had to be stopped.

d.Company D has been a supplier for 9 month and supplied good 30 days,credit to limit 2000 pound.they report the hotel normally pays after second reminder.


Sumber: bussines communication, page 38

Conditional Sentences

Each conditional sentences of two clauses, namely Main and Sub-clause clause which start with if, unless, as long as, provided that, on that or inversion conditioan (stacking behind). Composition of main clause and sub-clause should be in front or behind.

A. Type - Type Conditional Sentences
1. Type 1 (Future Conditional)
Conditional sentences type 1 refers to the expected events occur in the future.

IF + S + V1, S + WILL + V1

Example:
1. The students will pass the exam, if they study hard in the next semester.
2. They can go for a swim, if the weather is fine tomorrow.
3. We will give a parcel Ita, If she has a welfare party for her success.
4. IF she studies hard, she will pass the exam.


2. Type 2 (Present Conditional)
Conditional sentence type 2 refers to events that did not happen at present.

IF + S + V2, S + would + V1

Example:
1. The students would pass the exam, if they studied hard this semester.
2. They could go for a swim, if the Wheater were fine today.
3. We would give Ita a parcel, if she had a party for her welfare success.
4. If she studied hard, he would pass the exam.


3. Type 3 (Past Conditional)
Conditional sentences type 3 refers to events that did not happen in the past.

IF + S + HAD + V3, S + would HAVE + V3

Example:
1. The students would have passed the exam if they had studied hard last semester.
2. They could have gone for a swim if the Wheater had been fine yesterday
3. We would have given Ita a parcel if she had had a party for her welfare success.
4. If she had studied hard, she would have passed the exam



B. Conditional If Senteces without

If Sub-Clause also be replaced with another conjunction that is: as long as (long), on condition that (with the proviso that), provided that (provided), unless (if not, unless) and otherwise (if not).
Example:
It's raining heavily.
- You will get wet if you do not take an umbrella.
- You will get wet on condition that you do not take an umbrella.
- You will get wet provided that you do not take an umbrella.
- You will get wet unless you take an umbrella.

If can also be eliminated by using the structure behind (inversion). This form can only be used unutuk type 2 conditional sentences that have to be were and conditional sentences type 3.
Example:
1. if she were not sick, she could go with me.
2. Were she not sick, she could go with me
3. If he had driven the car carefully, he would not have got an accident.
4. Had he driven the car carefully, he would not have got an accident.

Situation 2
You are a bank manager. Reply to a newly established importer who wanted a bank loan.

Dear Mr. Pino,

Proposed for bank loans.
Thank you for your letter of October 20th. After careful concideration we regret that we can not grant a bank loan because the conditions that you provide does not meet our criteria. Capital loans that you have proposed is not enough to meet the requirements of us. We decided not a counter-proposal by a third party guarantee.

However, if you intend to continue to get a loan. We will offer to grant the loan on favorable terms but with a different loan amount than before.

Thank you once again for your enquery. If you agree with my offer as a customer, we would be very happy.



Your sincerely,